Seizures, although multifactor in cause, are commonly referred to as idiopathic in nature. Although idiopathic epilepsy is seen in many species, it is considered common in the dog. Idiopathic epilepsy can occur as early as the first year of life with no other clinical signs. What we sometimes see is what we call tonic-clonic convulsions, which may be of short duration. In some instances, we may notice different behavior, along with staring into space, before a seizure. During the seizure, paddling of the extremities may occur, along with an evacuation of the bladder or bowels. After the convulsion or seizure, the pet usually regains its normal state, but in many cases may remain dazed and uncoordinated for a while.

Seizures may be hereditary in some breeds and can be considered genetic in others. They can come about due to vitamin deficiency, parasites, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia-the list goes on. Since in many cases the cause may remain unknown, the treatment is aimed at alleviating the clinical signs. One of the more common drugs used to treat seizures is phenobarbital, although others, such as primidone and bromides, have been used, the bromides sometimes in conjunction with phenobarbital.

According to the principles of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), seizures are usually related to deficient kidney and liver yin. These lead to an interior wind condition in the liver and an upward rebellion of phlegm, which can disrupt Qi in the channels and cause the typical signs we see, such as falling down, loss of consciousness, staring and convulsions.

Dysfunction of the liver, stomach and spleen can all lead to phlegm accumulation, which can disturb the mind and cause epilepsy in the TCM sense.

What we try to accomplish with TCM and acupuncture in the treatment of seizures is balance. We accomplish this because our treatment principle is aimed at clearing the orifices of the head, transforming (eliminating) phlegm and calming the liver.

The acupuncture point prescriptions are many and varied, although the final result should be the same. Point prescriptions exist for treatment during a seizure, but this is not common. Most applications are for either before or after the seizure episode. Addressing situations common to those familiar with TCM, such as Qi deficiency, blood deficiency, phlegm stagnation, and hyperactivity of liver yang are the means by which we seek to balance the individual animal in order to prevent and hopefully eliminate the seizure episode.

Another technique within the acupuncture discipline for seizure control is the implantation of gold beads. Seizures have been shown to respond well to gold bead implants.

As mentioned in a previous issue of the Pet Tribune, approximately 60% of epileptic pets are cured with gold bead implants. They no longer have seizures and will no longer need phenobarbital. If on potassium bromide (KBr), they will likely have to continue its use. Another 20% will no longer have seizures, but will be required to take phenobarbital at a reduced dose. The final 20% will continue to have seizures, in many cases fewer and of a reduced severity. Unfortunately some will not be helped at all.

The exact reason why gold bead implants help to reduce seizures may remain unclear, but part of the reason may be due to the permanent acupuncture created with their insertion. It is not just a matter of implanting the beads but of knowing from a TCM point of view the basis and function of each acupuncture point selected. Along with this, bead insertion occurs according to principles of Nogier pulse therapy, which can best be described by Terry Durkes, D.V.M., an acupuncturist who has been performing gold bead implants for over 25 years. Points that nourish the heart, ease the mind, reinforce the kidney, regulate the stomach and replenish Qi and blood are those which seek to balance the mind and body in such a way that the seizure threshold is raised and seizure incidence is decreased.

Gold beading is an important treatment modality for seizure control since not many treatment options are available from which owners can choose for this condition.

Whether the treatment be conventional or complimentary, such as acupuncture and/or gold bead implants, keep in mind that thorough workups are essential. Complete blood charts, chemistry and electrolyte panels, neurological exams, radiographs, urinalysis and sometimes MRIs are advisable in order to rule out other problems that may be contributing to the condition.

-Dr. Robert Ferran, a holistic veterinary practitioner in South Miami, has been in practice for 18 years. He is certified in veterinary acupuncture and also graduated as an acupuncture physician. Most of his practice is dedicated to the art of acupuncture and related applications, such as gold bead implants, sports-related injury, rehabilitative acupuncture and laser acupuncture. His practice is located at 8271 South Dixie Hwy., Miami, FL 33143, tel: (305) 662-4202, fax: (305) 662-7973, www.naturalpetdoc.com.